Animal experiment:

Mice[1]On the morning of the experiment, Male B6D2F1/J mice are fasted for four hours and body weight and blood glucose levels are measured. Animals are randomized into treatment groups based on these two parameters. Treatments are administered by oral gavage and sixty minutes later, the mice received a 2 g/kg glucose challenge dose by oral gavage (defined as t=0 min). Blood samples are collected at -60, 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes via tail vein relative to the glucose challenge. Glucose levels are monitored with a glucometer. Plasma insulin is measured using a mouse insulin ELISA[1].

AM-1638 is a potent and orally bioavailable GPR40/FFA1 full agonist with an EC50 of 0.16 μM.

AM-1638 exhibits moderate cross-species plasma clearance and volume of distribution, resulting in plasma half-lives suitable for evaluation of its antidiabetic properties in mouse, rat, and cynomologus monkey. Moreover, oral administration of full agonist AM-1638 demonstrates excellent oral bioavailability (mouse, >100%; rat, 72%; and cyno, 71%). AM-1638exhibits antidiabetic activity in BDF/DIO mice[1].

[1]. Brown SP, et al. Discovery of AM-1638: A Potent and Orally Bioavailable GPR40/FFA1 Full Agonist. ACS Med Chem Lett. 2012 Aug 15;3(9):726-30.