Histatin 1 is a histidine-rich phosphoprotein present in human parotid saliva that possesses candidacidal activity and functions in mineralization by adsorbing to hydroxyapatite. Phosphorylation of histatin 1 contributes to its ability to bind hydroxyapatite. Salivary histatins are a family of small histidine-rich peptides with potent antifungal activity. Submandibular and sublingual histatin secretion levels may affect the status of yeast present in the mouth. As a result, histatins have been implicated as potential therapeutic agents against oral candidiasis. A decrease in salivary histatins in relation to total salivary protein is common in old age and can influence the ability of the oral host defense system to address pathogens.