| In Vitro | In vitro activity: As an orally active and selective Porcupine inhibitor, GNF-6231 has no appreciable activities, at least up to 10 μM testing concentrations, for more than 200 off-targets, which include GPCRs, kinases, proteases, transporters, ion channels, and nuclear receptors. GNF-6231 shows IC50s of greater than 10 μM on all CYP isoforms tested (2C9, 2D6, 3A4). It shows high permeability in a Caco-2 human cell permeability assay with a possible efflux.
Kinase Assay: GNF-6231 is a potent and selective Porcupine inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.8 nM.
Cell Assay: the TM3 Wnt-Luc and L-cell Wnt3A cells are co-cultured in a 384-well plate with DMEM supplemented with 2% (vol/vol) FBS and treated with different concentrations of compounds. After 24 h, the firefly luciferase activities are assayed with the Bright-Glo Luciferase Assay System. The IC50 is measured when the effect of the compound reduces the luminescence signal by 50%. |
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| In Vivo | GNF-6231 displays excellent pathway inhibition and induces robust antitumor efficacy in a mouse MMTV-WNT1 xenograft tumor model. GNF-6231 is moderately bound to mouse, rat, dog, monkey, and human plasma proteins (88.0, 83.1, 90.9, 71.2, and 95%, respectively). It shows good oral bioavailability, ranging from 72 to 96% in preclinical species (mouse, rat, and dog) when dosed in solution formulations. GNF-6231 is expected to have minimal to marginal distribution to tissues compared to total body water following intravenous administration to mouse (Vss 0.57 L/kg), rat (Vss 0.70 L/kg), and dog (Vss 0.25 L/kg). |
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