Hydroxyurea 是一种抗肿瘤剂，通过抑制核糖核苷二磷酸还原酶来抑制 DNA 合成。

Hydroxyurea, an antineoplastic agent, inhibits DNA synthesis through the inhibition of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase.

hydroxyurea can inhibit HIV-1 replication. In vitro experiments have shown that the 90% inhibitory concentration (IC90) of hydroxyurea for laboratory strains of HIV-1 in activated PBMC is 0.4 mM. Hydroxyurea was also found to be synergistic with the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor didanosine and to inhibit HIV-1 replication in activated PBMC; this inhibition may be due to a reduction in deoxynucleoside triphosphate pool sizes. Hydroxyurea has been shown to sensitize didanosine-resistant mutants[1][2].hydroxyurea has demonstrated activity in the treatment of sickle cell anemia by increasing the production of fetal hemoglobin, which reduces hemolysis in patients with this disease. Hydroxyurea exerts its cytostatic effect through inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase—the rate-limiting enzyme responsible for the conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides, which are essential for DNA synthesis. As a result, cellular division is arrested in the S phase[1].

Hydroxyurea therapy producs consistent reductions in WBC and ANC without improvement in anemia over 17 weeks. Hydroxyurea at 50 mg/kg produces a reduced white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count and no improvement in anemia compared to vehicle treated sickle cell mice[5].

Erythroid cells obtained from peripheral blood of the same patients(Thirteen β-Thal/HbE patients are treated with hydroxyurea orally for 2 years at a starting dose of 5 mg/kg/day for 5 days/week with escalation to a maximum of 10 mg/kg/day) 1 year after they had stopped hydroxyurea treatment are treated with hydroxyurea in vitro.Treatment of cells performs in primary culture with 30 μM hydroxyurea for 96 hours.(Only for Reference)

127-07-1

CH4N2O2

76.06

nsc32065;nci-c04831;Hydroxycarbamide;羟基脲

DMSO:50 mg/mL (657.38 mM)
H2O:55 mg/mL (723.11 mM)
Powder: -20°C for 3 years
In solvent: -80°C for 2 years