Acetylcysteine 是粘液溶解剂，可用于减少粘液的厚度。它是ROS抑制剂，可诱导细胞凋亡，并具有抗流感病毒活性。它是半胱氨酸前体，通过中和花生四烯酸依赖的5-脂氧合酶活性所产生的毒性脂质来防止血红素诱导的铁中毒。

Acetylcysteine is the N-acetyl derivative of CYSTEINE. It is used as a mucolytic agent to reduce the viscosity of mucous secretions. It has also been shown to have antiviral effects in patients with HIV due to inhibition of viral stimulation by reactive oxygen intermediates.

N-acetylcysteine prevents apoptotic DNA fragmentation and maintains long-term survival in the absence of other trophic support in serum-deprived PC12 cells. N-acetylcysteine also prevents the death of PC12 cells and sympathetic neurons[2]. N-acetylcysteine activates the Ras-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in PC12 cells. N-acetylcysteine protects neuronal cells from death evoked by the withdrawal of trophic support. N-acetylcysteine increases nitric oxide (NO) release from protein-bound stores in vascular tissue. N-acetylcysteine pretreatment of PC12 cells interferes with NGF-dependent signaling and neurite outgrowth, and it is suggested that N-acetylcysteine interferes with redox-sensitive steps in the NGF mechanism[3].

N-acetylcysteine (150, 300 mg/kg) treatment significantly reduces liver transaminases in all groups of treatment, mostly in group N-acetylcysteine 300. Lung glutathione peroxidase is significantly increased in group N-acetylcysteine 300 (P=0.04), while the other oxidation biomarkers show no significant differences[1].

For survival experiments, washed cells are resuspended in RPM1 1640 medium and plated in 0.5 mL at a density of 8-10×105 per well in 24 well plastic culture dishes coated with rat tail collagen. To feed, but to avoid loss of floating cells, fresh medium (0.2 mL) is added to the cultures on days 1, 5, and 10. For experiments involving "primed" PC12 cells, cultures are pretreated for l-2 weeks with NGF in RPM1 1640 medium supplemented with 1% heat-iN-acetylcysteinetivated horse serum. The cells are then washed and passaged into serum-free RPM1 1640 medium.

Rats are randomly allocated into five groups: sham group (n=5), control group with IIR (n=8) and three groups with IIR who are given N-acetylcysteine in different dosages: 150 mg/kg intraperitoneally 5 min before ischemia (n=8, group N-acetylcysteine 150), 300 mg/kg i.p 5 min before ischemia (n=7, group N-acetylcysteine 300), and 150 mg/kg i.p 5 min before ischemia plus 150 mg/kg 5 min before reperfusion (n=7, group N-acetylcysteine 150 + 150). After 4 h of reperfusion, the animals are euthanized by exsanguination from the abdominal aorta.[1]

616-91-1

C5H9NO3S

163.19

NAC;乙酰半胱氨酸;N-Acetyl-L-cysteine;LNAC;易咳净

DMSO:31 mg/mL (190 mM)
Ethanol:31 mg/mL (190 mM)
H2O:30 mg/mL (183.8 mM)
Powder: -20°C for 3 years
In solvent: -80°C for 2 years