Background:

ENMD-2076 is a selective inhibitor of Aurora A and Flt3 with IC50 value of 14 and 1.86 nM[1].

Aurora kinases contains aurora A, aurora B and aurora C. They are serine/threonine kinases witch play an important role in cell proliferation. Aurora kinases are essential for cellular division by controlling segregation of chromatid. Aurora A is required for correct function of the centrosomes during the prophase of mitosis [1]. VEGFR (VEGF receptors) are receptors for VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor). There are VEGFR 1, 2 and 3 which three main subtypes of VEGFR. The VEGFRs are tyrosine kinase receptors which are activited by binding to VEGFs then mediate the cellular responses to VEGF including the formation of the circulatory system (vasculogenesis) and the growth of blood vessels(angiogenesis) [1].

ENMD-2076 indicates activities of RET, FLT3, FLT4/VEGFR3, SRC, CSF1R/FMS, NTRK1, FGFR1/2, VEGFR2/KDR, LCK, and PDGFRα which all are kinases involved in angiogenes with IC50 from 1.86-120 nM. ENMD-2076 can inhibit the growth of hematopoietic cancer cell lines and lots of solid tumor with IC50 values from 25 to 700 nM in vitro[1]. ENMD-2076 significantly caused cytotoxicity in multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines and primary cells. ENMD-2076 also inhibited the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway. ENMD-2076 also induced cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase by inhibiting the activities of aurora kinases containing A and B class.[2]

ENMD-2076 regresses formed vessels and prevents new blood vessels formation in tumorxenograft models. [1] ENMD-2076 resulted in inhibition of tumour growth with oral treatment a dose-dependent manner with 50, 100, 200 mg/kg per day with human plasmacytoma xenografts[2].

参考文献:
[1].  Fletcher GC, Brokx RD, Denny TA, Hembrough TA, Plum SM, Fogler WE, Sidor CF, Bray MR: ENMD-2076 is an orally active kinase inhibitor with antiangiogenic and antiproliferative mechanisms of action. Mol Cancer Ther 2011, 10(1):126-137.
[2].  Wang X, Sinn AL, Pollok K, Sandusky G, Zhang S, Chen L, Liang J, Crean CD, Suvannasankha A, Abonour R et al: Preclinical activity of a novel multiple tyrosine kinase and aurora kinase inhibitor, ENMD-2076, against multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 2010, 150(3):313-325.