Background:

Echinacoside, one of the phenylethanoids isolated from the stems of Cistanche salsa, elicits neuroprotection by activating Trk receptors and their downstream signal pathways. Echinacoside also has a remarkable antiosteoporotic activity[1][2].

Echinacoside (30-270 mg/kg body weight; p.o.; daily for 12 weeks) significantly reverses the increases of body weight, serum hydroxyproline (HOP) levels, and the decreases of uterus wet weight and bone mineral density (BMD) in In ovariectomized (OVX) rats[2].

参考文献:
[1]. Li X, et al. Echinacoside ameliorates D-galactosamine plus lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury in mice via inhibition of apoptosis and inflammation. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2014 Aug;49(8):993-1000.
[2]. Li F, et al. Antiosteoporotic activity of echinacoside in ovariectomized rats. Phytomedicine. 2013 Apr 15;20(6):549-57.
[3]. Zhang D, et al. Echinacoside inhibits amyloid fibrillization of HEWL and protects against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. Int J Biol Macromol. 2014 Sep 2;72C:243-253.
[4]. Zhu M, et al. Transient exposure to echinacoside is sufficient to activate Trk signaling and protect neuronal cells from rotenone. J Neurochem. 2013 Feb;124(4):571-80.
[5]. Li F, et al. Echinacoside promotes bone regeneration by increasing OPG/RANKL ratio in MC3T3-E1 cells. Fitoterapia. 2012 Dec;83(8):1443-50.