Background:

VE-821 is a potent, highly-selective, and ATP-competitive DNA damage response (DDR) kinase ATR inhibitor with Ki value of 13nM. VE-821 specifically inhibits ATR, revealing low cross-reactivity against the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), phosphoinositol 3-kinase-γ (PI3K) and the related PIKKs ATM [1].

HL-60 cells treated with VE-821 (10μM) showed reduction of phosphorylatin of Chk1 (Ser 345), inhibition of cell growth, and a radiosensitizing effect after Gamma-ray irradiation [2].

VE-821 has also been demonstrated to down-regulate the phosphorylated Chk1 (Ser 345) but it does not inhibit the phosphorylation of Chk2 (Thr68) and ATM (Ser1981) in pancreatic cancer cell lines, including PSN-1 and MiaPaCa-2 cells that are treated with gemcitabine or radiation. VE-821 combined with gemcitabine (a nucleoside analog) has caused a remarkable increase of cytotoxic effect of gemcitabine against hypoxia [3].

参考文献:
[1] Reaper PM1, Griffiths MR, Long JM, Charrier JD, Maccormick S, Charlton PA, Golec JM, Pollard JR. Selective killing of ATM- or p53-deficient cancer cells through inhibition of ATR. Nat Chem Biol. 2011 Apr 13;7(7):428-30.
[2] Vávrová J1, Zárybnická L, Luká?ová E, ?ezá?ová M, Novotná E, Sinkorová Z, Tichy A, Pejchal J, Duri?ová K. Inhibition of ATR kinase with the selective inhibitor VE-821 results in radiosensitization of cells of promyelocytic leukaemia (HL-60). Radiat Environ Biophys. 2013 Nov;52(4):471-9.
[3] Prevo R1, Fokas E, Reaper PM, Charlton PA, Pollard JR, McKenna WG, Muschel RJ, Brunner TB.The novel ATR inhibitor VE-821 increases sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to radiation and chemotherapy. Cancer Biol Ther. 2012 Sep;13(11):1072-81.