Extracted from Legume Crotalaria assamica;Suitability:Methanol,ethanol,chloroform;Store the product in sealed,cool and dry condition
CAS：315-22-0
分子式：C16H23NO6
分子量：325.15
纯度：99%
存储：Store at -20°C

Background:

Monocrotaline is an pyrrolizidine alkaloid extracted from the seeds of the Crotalaria spectabilis plant to induce pulmonary hypertension in rodents.

Monocrotaline (MCT) is an 11-membered macrocyclic pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) derived from the seeds of the Crotalaria spectabilis plant[1]. Monocrotaline a natural ligand exhibits dose-dependent cytotoxicity with potent antineoplastic activity. The in vitro cytotoxicity of monocrotaline is proved at IC50 24.966 μg/mL and genotoxicity at 2 X IC50 against HepG2 cells[2].

MCT causes a pulmonary vascular syndrome in rats characterized by proliferative pulmonary vasculitis, pulmonary hypertension (PH), and cor pulmonale[3]. Among preclinical models of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), monocrotaline animal model offers the advantage of mimic several key aspects of human PAH, including vascular remodeling, proliferation of smooth muscle cells, endothelial dysfunction, upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, and right ventricle failure, requiring a single drug injection[4]. Changes in multiple pathways associated with the development of PH, including activated glycolysis, increased markers of proliferation, disruptions in carnitine homeostasis, increased inflammatory and fibrosis biomarkers, and a reduction in glutathione biosynthesis are observed with the injection of monocrotaline[5].

参考文献:
[1]. Gomez-Arroyo JG, et al. The monocrotaline model of pulmonary hypertension in perspective. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2012 Feb 15;302(4):L363-9.
[2]. Kusuma SS, et al. Antineoplastic activity of monocrotaline against hepatocellular carcinoma. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2014;14(9):1237-48.
[3]. Wilson DW, et, al. Mechanisms and pathology of monocrotaline pulmonary toxicity. Crit Rev Toxicol. 1992;22(5-6):307-25.
[4]. Nogueira-Ferreira R, et al. Exploring the monocrotaline animal model for the study of pulmonary arterial hypertension: A network approach. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2015 Dec;35:8-16.
[5]. Rafikova O,et al. Metabolic Changes Precede the Development of Pulmonary Hypertension in the Monocrotaline Exposed RatLung. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 3;11(3):e0150480.