Background:

XAV-939 is a Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor. XAV-939 stabilizes axin by inhibiting the poly-ADP-ribosylating enzymes tankyrase 1 and tankyrase 2 (IC50s of 5 and 2 nM,respectively), thereby stimulating β-catenin degradation. XAV939 binds tightly to the catalytic (PARP) domains of TNKS1 and TNKS2 (Kds of 99 and 93 nM, respectively)[1].

XAV939 also binds to recombinant PARP1, although with a significantly lower binding affinity (Kd=1.2 μM). XAV939 (1 μM) strongly inhibis STF activity in SW480 cells, Wnt3a-stimulated STF activity in HEK293 cells, but does not affect CRE, NF-κB or TGF-β luciferase reporters. XAV939 regulates axin levels through tankyrase inhibition in HEK293 cell[1]. XAV939 (0.5 μM, 1.0 μM) reduces DNA-PKcs protein levels 50% of the relative DMSO control in human lymphoblasts[2]. XAV939 induces a second wave of pro-cardiomyocyte gene expression as shown by increased Mesp1 and Isl1expression 2 to 4 days after Wnt inhibition, and by increased Nkx2.5 expression 4 to 6 days after XAV939 addition[3]. XAV-939 (10 nM) has a suppressive effect on elevated MMP-13 levels in both IL-1β-induced SW 1353 cells[4].

XAV-939 (3 mL, 10 nM) has a suppressive effect on elevated MMP-13 levels in the rat OA model[4]. XAV-939 (1 mg/mL, i.p.) ameliorates the psoriasiform skin disease induced by IMQ. XAV-939 results in a significant decrease in the IMQ-induced epidermal hyperplasia (indicated by acanthosis) and dermal inflammatory infiltrates in mice[5].

参考文献:
[1]. Huang SM, et al. Tankyrase inhibition stabilizes axin and antagonizes Wnt signalling. Nature. 2009 Oct 1;461(7264):614-620.
[2]. Dregalla RC, et al. Regulatory roles of tankyrase 1 at telomeres and in DNA repair: suppression of T-SCE and stabilization of DNA-PKcs. Aging (Albany NY). 2010 Oct;2(10):691-708.
[3]. Ao A, et al. DMH1, a Novel BMP Small Molecule Inhibitor, Increases Cardiomyocyte Progenitors and Promotes Cardiac Differentiation in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells.,PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e41627.
[4]. Zeng L, et al. Chondroprotective effects and multi-target mechanisms of Icariin in IL-1 beta-induced human SW 1353 chondrosarcoma cells and a rat osteoarthritis model. Int Immunopharmacol. 2014 Jan;18(1):175-81.
[5]. Bai J, et al. Epigenetic downregulation of SFRP4 contributes to epidermal hyperplasia in psoriasis. J Immunol. 2015 May 1;194(9):4185-98. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403196. Epub 2015 Mar 30.
[6]. Narwal M, et al. Discovery of tankyrase inhibiting flavones with increased potency and isoenzyme selectivity. J Med Chem. 2013 Oct 24;56(20):7880-9.
[7]. Liu D, et al. Wnt/β-catenin signaling participates in the regulation of lipogenesis in the liver of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2016 Jan;191:155-62.