Synaptic transmission involves the controlled exocytosis of vesicles containing specific neurotransmitters. Usually, neurotransmitters are synthesized in the cytoplasm of the cell and must be transported into synaptic vesicles for release. The vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) is responsible for loading γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter, from neuronal cytoplasm into synaptic vesicles and is expressed only in the nerve endings of inhibitory neurons that contain GABA and/or glycine. During neocortical development, VGAT expression barely precedes the maturation of inhibitory synaptogenesis, suggesting that it may contribute to the development of neocortical GABAergic circuitry. VGAT may also play a role in epileptogenesis and the recovery mechanisms that occur after a spontaneous seizure.