Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a pleiotropic genetic disorder characterized by obesity, photoreceptor degeneration, polydactyly, hypogenitalism, renal abnormalities, and developmental delay. Other associated clinical findings in BBS patients include diabetes, hypertension, and congenital heart defects. BBS genes map to multiple loci and encode fourteen proteins, BBS1-BBS14. Many BBS genes encode basal body or cilia proteins, suggesting that BBS is a ciliary dysfunction disorder. BBS10 (Bardet-Biedl syndrome 10), also known as chromosome 12 open reading fame 58, C12orf58 or FLJ23560, is a novel 723 amino acid protein belonging to the TCP-1 chaperonin family. BBS10 localizes to the basal body of primary cilium and assists in protein folding upon ATP hydrolysis. Inhibition of BBS10 has been found to impair ciliogenesis, activate the glycogen synthase kinase 3 pathway and cause peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor nuclear accumulation. The gene encoding BBS10 contains two exons and maps to human chromosome 12q21.2.