Description: Chloroquine is reported to be highly effective in combating SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19, CoronaVirus, or the COVID-19 pandemic) infections in vitro. It acts as a potent autophagy and toll-like receptors (TLRs) inhibitor, and a 4-aminoquinoline anti-malarial medication used to prevent and to treat malaria in areas where malaria is known to be sensitive to its effects. It is also an anti-rheumatoid agent, also acting as an ATM activator. Chloroquine diphosphate has been reported as an adjuvant for radiation and chemotherapy for inducing cell autophagy to anti-cancer cells proliferation or metastasis. The mechanism of chloroquine diphosphate inducing cells autophagy is arresting cells in G1, up-regulates the expression of p27 and p53 while down-regulates the expression of CDK2 and cyclin D1.
References: Lancet Infect Dis. 2003 Nov;3(11):722-7; Curr Opin Microbiol. 2000 Aug;3(4):349-53.
Related CAS#: 54-05-7 (free base); 132-73-0 (sulfate); 1446-17-9 (phosphate); 3545-67-3 (HCl); 50-63-5 (diphosphate)