Melphalan flufenamide (J1; J-1; Prodrug J-1; Melflufen; Pepaxto) is a potent and dipeptide-based melphalan prodrug acting as an alkylating agent with potential anticancer and anti-angiogenic activities. It was approved in 2021 to treat relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Melphalan flufenamide alkylates DNA at the N7 position of guanine residues and induces DNA intra- and inter-strand cross-linkages.