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Angiotensin II
本产品不向个人销售,仅用作科学研究,不用于任何人体实验及非科研性质的动物实验。
Angiotensin II图片
包装与价格:
包装价格(元)
5mg电议
10mg电议
25mg电议
250mg电议

产品介绍
血管紧张素 II (Angiotensin II) 是一种血管收缩剂,是肾素/血管紧张素系统的主要生物活性肽。

Cell lines

HCAEC cells

Preparation Method

HCAECs were exposed to Angiotensin II (0, 0.1, 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 nmol/L) for 24 hours.

Reaction Conditions

Angiotensin II (0, 0.1, 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 nmol/L) for 24 hours

Applications

Angiotensin II (1 nM) induces the expression of LOX-1 and VEGF and enhances capillary formation from human coronary endothelial cells in Matrigel assay. Angiotensin II -mediated expression of LOX-1 and VEGF, capillary formation, intracellular reactive oxygen species generation, and phosphorylation of p38 as well as p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinases, are suppressed by anti-LOX-1 antibody, nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase inhibitor apocynin and the Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker Losartan, but not by the Ang II type 2 receptor blocker PD123319.

Animal models

(129 × C57BL/6) F1 mice lacking AT1A receptors

Preparation Method

To distinguish the AT1 receptor population that is critical for the pathogenesis of hypertension, osmotic minipumps were implanted s.c. into each animal to infuse Angiotensin II (1,000 ng/kg/min) continuously for 4 weeks.

Dosage form

Angiotensin II (1,000 ng/kg/min) for 4 weeks.

Applications

AT1 receptors in the kidney are primarily responsible for the actions of Angiotensin II to cause hypertension.

产品描述

Angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor and the main bioactive peptide of the renin/Angiotensin system. Angiotensin II human plays a central role in the regulation of human blood pressure, mainly through Angiotensin II and G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs) Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and Angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) interact to mediate[1].

Human induces capillary formation in endothelial cells through a LOX-1-dependent redox-sensitive pathway. Angiotensin II (1 nM) induces the expression of LOX-1 and VEGF and enhances capillary formation from human coronary endothelial cells in Matrigel assay[3,4].Angiotensin II helps to regulate overall renal tubular reabsorption of salt and water, Angiotensin II directly stimulates epithelial sodium channel activity through an AT1 receptor-dependent mechanism[8].Angiotensin II Human induces the growth of vascular smooth muscle cells, increases the synthesis of collagen type I and III in fibroblasts, leads to the thickening of the vascular wall and myocardium, and induces fibrosis. Angiotensin II also induces apoptosis[2].The effects of Angiotensin II to increase blood pressure are mediated by AT1 receptors[1], and these receptors are expressed in a variety of organ systems thought to play key roles in blood pressure homeostasis, including the heart, kidney, blood vessels, adrenal glands, and cardiovascular control centers in the brain[5]. In the brain, intraventricular injection of Angiotensin II causes a dramatic pressor response that is mediated by AT1A receptors[6].

In mice, AT1 receptors in the kidney are primarily responsible for the actions of Angiotensin II to cause hypertension[7]. Angiotensin II induction of NETosis in vitro via ROS/ peptidyl arginine deiminase type 4 and autophagy dependent pathways In EH patients initiated with Angiotensin II receptor blockers, circulating NETs and thrombin production levels were significantly reduced, whereas their plasma was unable to trigger procoagulant NETs[9].

References:
[1]: de Gasparo M, Catt KJ, et,al. International union of pharmacology. XXIII. The angiotensin II receptors. Pharmacol Rev. 2000 Sep;52(3):415-72. PMID: 10977869.
[2]: Fyhrquist F, MetsArinne K, et,al. Role of angiotensin II in blood pressure regulation and in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorders. J Hum Hypertens. 1995 Nov;9 Suppl 5:S19-24. PMID: 8583476.
[3]: Hu C, Dandapat A, et,al. Angiotensin II induces capillary formation from endothelial cells via the LOX-1 dependent redox-sensitive pathway. Hypertension. 2007 Nov;50(5):952-7. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.096446. Epub 2007 Sep 24. PMID: 17893372.
[4]: Nabah YN, Mateo T, et,al. Angiotensin II induces neutrophil accumulation in vivo through generation and release of CXC chemokines. Circulation. 2004 Dec 7;110(23):3581-6. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000148824.93600.F3. Epub 2004 Nov 29. PMID: 15569833.
[5]: Shanmugam S, Sandberg K. Ontogeny of angiotensin II receptors. Cell Biol Int. 1996 Mar;20(3):169-76. doi: 10.1006/cbir.1996.0021. PMID: 8673065.
[6]: Davisson RL, Oliverio MI, et,al. Divergent functions of angiotensin II receptor isoforms in the brain. J Clin Invest. 2000 Jul;106(1):103-6. doi: 10.1172/JCI10022. PMID: 10880053; PMCID: PMC314366.
[7]: Crowley SD, Gurley SB, et,al. Angiotensin II causes hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy through its receptors in the kidney. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Nov 21;103(47):17985-90. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0605545103. Epub 2006 Nov 7. PMID: 17090678; PMCID: PMC1693859.
[8]: Peti-Peterdi J, Warnock DG, et,al. Angiotensin II directly stimulates ENaC activity in the cortical collecting duct via AT(1) receptors. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002 May;13(5):1131-5. doi: 10.1097/01.asn.0000013292.78621.fd. PMID: 11960999.
[9]: Chrysanthopoulou A, Gkaliagkousi E, et,al. Angiotensin II triggers release of neutrophil extracellular traps, linking thromboinflammation with essential hypertension. JCI Insight. 2021 Sep 22;6(18):e148668. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.148668. PMID: 34324440; PMCID: PMC8492353.