SRI-011381 is an activator of TGF-β signaling.1 It reduces increases in cell death and the number of dystrophic neurites induced by amyloid-β (1-42) in primary mouse embryonic forebrain neurons when used at a concentration of 3 μM. SRI-011381 (2 and 5 μM) increases phagocytosis of Aβ42 by greater than 20% in J774A.1 and THP-1 macrophages. It increases contextual fear conditioning freezing time and spontaneous alternations in the Y-maze, indicating prevention of memory deficits, in the APP751Lon,Swe transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease when administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg for 10 weeks.