Cell lines

Human mammary epithelial cell line 184 and T47D breast cancer cells

Preparation method

The solubility of this compound in DMSO is >17.4 mg/mL. General tips for obtaining a higher concentration: Please warm the tube at 37 ℃ for 10 minutes and/or shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while. Stock solution can be stored below - 20 ℃ for several months.

Reacting condition

1 μM

Applications

In the normal human mammary epithelial cell line 184, TTNPB inhibited cell growth. In T47D cells, TTNPB arrested the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase and induced apoptosis. Further study showed that TTNPB induced cell cycle blockade mainly by suppressing Cyclin D1 and Cyclin D3 protein activity. But TTNPB did not change the expression of Cyclin D1 protein in a biologically relevant manner.

Animal models

Mice bearing hormone-sensitive (HS) and hormone-insensitive (HI) strains of the MXT murine mammary carcinoma

Dosage form

0.25 mg/kg; i.p.

Applications

In both MXT-HS and MXT-HI models, TTNPB exhibited equal inhibition on tumor growth. Comparing with Tamoxifen, TTNPB was markedly more efficient in inhibiting cell proliferation and triggering apoptosis. TTNPB inhibited MXT-HS growth rate by inducing apoptosis rather than inhibiting cell proliferation.

Other notes

Please test the solubility of all compounds indoor, and the actual solubility may slightly differ with the theoretical value. This is caused by an experimental system error and it is normal.

TTNPB (Arotinoid Acid) is an agonist of RAR with IC50 values of 3.8nM, 4nM and 4.5nM for RARα, RARβ and RARγ, respectively [1].

TTNPB is a teratogen with 1000-fold higher potency than tRA. TTNPB inhibits chondrogenesis with IC50 value of 0.14nM when using mouse limb bud cell cultures. The action of TTNPB results from binding to nuclear receptors. TTNPB can competes with [3H]tRA and prevent them from binding to mRARα, mRARβ and mRARγ with IC50 values of 3.8nM, 4nM and 4.5nM, respectively. Besides that, TTNPB also directly binds to mRARs with high potency. The Kd values are 2.5nM, 2.7nM and 1.8nM for mRARα, mRARβ and mRARγ, respectively. Moreover, TTNPB is reported to bind to mCRABPI and mCRABPII with 27-fold and 3.5-fold lower affinity than tRA [1].

References:
[1] Pignatello M A, Kauffman F C, Levin A A. Multiple factors contribute to the toxicity of the aromatic retinoid, TTNPB (Ro 13-7410): Binding affinities and disposition. Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 1997, 142(2): 319-327.