Cell experiment:

Human lung multi-potent cells at passage 5 are incubated with DMEM+0.5% BSA+penicillin/streptomycin containing either 0.1% DMSO (vehicle) or 2D08 (10 μM) on Permanox culture slides for 6 days. Cells are fixed with 4% PFA for 30 min and then blocked and permeabilized with 10% goat serum and 0.3% Triton-X 100 in PBS for 30 min[2].

Animal experiment:

Mice[3]Eight- to 10-week-old mice (both male and female) are used for the study. A 5 cm-long glass pipette is buffered with Mineral Oil and then attached to the injection apparatus to take up 10 μL of 2-D08 (30 μM) or NaCl[3].

2-D08 (2’,3’,4’-trihydroxyflavone) is a Sumoylation inhibitor.

Protein sumoylation is a dynamic posttranslational modification involved in various biological processes, such as cellular homeostasis and development. Sumoylation has been reported to play a key role in cancer, though so far there are few small molecule probes available.

In vitro: 2-D08 was identified as a cell permeable, mechanistically unique inhibitor of protein sumoylation. This compound was found to be able to block sumoylation of topoisomerase I in two different cancer cell lines when co-dosed with camptothecin. In addition, futher analyses indicated that 2-D08 inhibited sumoylation via preventing transfer of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) from the UBC9-SUMO thioester to the substrate without affecting SUMO-activating enzyme E1 (SAE-1/2) or E2 Ubc9-SUMO thioester formation, a mechanism of action that was unprecedented before [1]. Moreover, it was found that 2-D08 at 100 μM could effectively inhibit 10 μM Camptothecin induced Topoisomerase I SUMOylation in breast cancer without affecting overall cellular protein ubiquitinations [2].

In vivo: Up to now, there is no animal in vivo data reported for 2-D08.

Clinical trial: So far, no clinical study has been conducted.

References:
[1] Kim YS, Keyser SG, Schneekloth JS Jr.  Synthesis of 2',3',4'-trihydroxyflavone (2-D08), an inhibitor of protein sumoylation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2014 Feb 15;24(4):1094-7.
[2] Kim YS, Nagy K, Keyser S, Schneekloth JS Jr.  An electrophoretic mobility shift assay identifies a mechanistically unique inhibitor of protein sumoylation. Chem Biol. 2013 Apr 18;20(4):604-13.