Cell experiment:

A murine macrophage cell line (RAW264.7) is used throughout the study, RAW264.7 cells are induced by A. actinomycetemcomitans-lipopolysaccharide, cells are incubated with various concentrations of L-norvaline or DL-norvaline (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 mM) and 10 μg of A. actinomycetemcomitans-lipopolysaccharide. In other experiments, cells are incubated with antimurine CD14 or antimurine toll-like receptor 2 and 4 antibody at room temperature for 1 h, washed three times, and then stimulated with 10 μg of A. actinomycetemcomitans-lipopolysaccharide. All experiments are repeated three times, each consisting of triplicate cultures[1].

DL-Norvaline, a derivative of L-norvaline, L-norvaline is a non-competitive inhibitor of arginase.

DL-Norvaline, a derivative of L-norvaline[1], L-norvaline is a non-competitive inhibitor of arginase[2].

References:
[1]. Sosroseno W, et al. Arginase activity in a murine macrophage cell line (RAW264.7) stimulated with lipopolysaccharide from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 2006 Jun;21(3):145-50.
[2]. El-Bassossy HM, et al. Arginase inhibition alleviates hypertension associated with diabetes: effect on endothelial dependent relaxation and NO production. Vascul Pharmacol. 2012 Nov-Dec;57(5-6):194-200.