Mavacoxib is a selective, oral long-acting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor and a long-acting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Mavacoxib is used to treat pain and inflammation associated with degenerative joint disease in dogs[1].

Mavacoxib (0-200 μM; 72 hours; CSKOS, U2OS, REM, K9TCC and T24 cells) treatment reduces cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. However, sensitivity to Mavacoxib varied between the cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 34.5 μM to 157.7 μM. The IC50 values of U2OS, KTOSA5, CSKOS, REM, LILY, K9TCC, K9TCC-AXA, K9TCC-In, K9TCC-Sh, T24, 5637 and HT-1376 cells are 52.6 μM, 89.8 μM, 106.3 μM, 66.6 μM, 97.5 μM, 54.9 μM, 34.5 μM, 78.7 μM, 50.7 μM, 63.4 μM, 72.5 μM and 157.7 μM, respectively[1].Mavacoxib (0-200 μM; 48 hours; KTOSA5, REM, LILY, K9TCC, U2OS, and T24 cells) treatment can induce caspase-dependent apoptosis in a number of cell lines[1].Mavacoxib (0-75 μM; 24 hours; CSKOS, U2OS, REM, K9TCC and T24 cells) treatment down-regulates the expression of p-Akt in CSKOS cells in in a dose-dependent manner, as is total Akt in U2OS cells. In REM cells, both p-ERK and p-Akt are increased in expression with increasing doses of Mavacoxib, and in K9TCC cells p-ERK expression is also increased with Mavacoxib treatment[1]. Cell Viability Assay[1] Cell Line: CSKOS, U2OS, REM, K9TCC and T24 cells

Osteoarthritic dogs enrolled in the studies are randomized to receive treatment with Mavacoxib and daily placebo for carprofen or placebo for Mavacoxib and daily carprofen at a nominal dose of 4 mg/kg BW. Mavacoxib is administered in both studies with a 2-week interval between the first and second doses but with monthly dosing thereafter. The nominal Mavacoxib doses in Studies 1 and 2 are 4 and 2 mg/kg BW, respectively. Seven Mavacoxib doses are administered in Study 1, but only five doses in Study 2. In Study 1, Mavacoxib is administered without regard to the timing of meals, but in Study 2, all of the Mavacoxib doses are administered with food[2].

[1]. Hurst EA, et al. The selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor mavacoxib (Trocoxil) exerts anti-tumour effects in vitro independent of cyclooxygenase-2 expression levels. Vet Comp Oncol. 2019 Jun;17(2):194-207. [2]. Cox SR, et al. Population pharmacokinetics of mavacoxib in osteoarthritic dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2011 Feb;34(1):1-11.