Disulfiram (Tetraethylthiuram disulfide) is a specific inhibitor of aldehyde-dehydrogenase (ALDH1), used for the treatment of chronic alcoholism by producing an acute sensitivity to alcohol. Disulfiram inhibitsgasdermin D (GSDMD)pore formation in liposomes and inflammasome-mediatedpyroptosisand IL-1β secretion in human and mouse cells. Disulfiram + Cu²⁺increases intracellular ROS levels triggeringapoptosisof ovariancancer stem cells^[1-6].

Disulfiram-copper complex potently inhibits the proteasomal activity in cultured breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and MCF10DCIS.com cells, but not normal, immortalized MCF-10A cells, before induction of apoptotic cancer cell death^[1]. Disulfiram (DS), a clinically used anti-alcoholism drug, strongly inhibits constitutive and 5-FU-induced NF-kappaB activity in a dose-dependent manner. Disulfiram inhibits both NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity but has no effect on 5-FU-induced IkappaBalpha degradation. Disulfiram significantly enhances the apoptotic effect of 5-FU on DLD-1 and RKO(WT) cell lines and synergistically potentiated the cytotoxicity of 5-FU to both cell lines. Disulfiram also effectively abolishes 5-FU chemoresistance in a 5-FU resistant cell line H630(5-FU) in vitro^[2]. Oseltamivir decreases the number of viable cells, and the addition of CuCl₂significantly enhances the DSF-induced cell death to less than 10% of control^[3]. Disulfiram given to melanoma cells in combination with Cu²⁺or Zn²⁺decreases expression of cyclin A and reduces proliferation in vitro at lower concentrations than disulfiram alone^[4].
Disulfiram (0.1 nM-10 μM; 72 h) + Cu²⁺combination enhances the cytotoxicity on ovarian cancer cell lines^[1].

Disulfiram significantly inhibits the tumor growth (by 74%), associated with in vivo proteasome inhibition (as measured by decreased levels of tumor tissue proteasome activity and accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and natural proteasome substrates p27 and Bax) and apoptosis induction (as shown by caspase activation and apoptotic nuclei formation) in mice bearing MDA-MB-231 tumor xenografts^[1]. Disulfiram blocks the P-glycoprotein extrusion pump, inhibits the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB, sensitizes tumors to chemotherapy, reduces angiogenesis, and inhibits tumor growth in mice. Disulfiram inhibits growth and angiogenesis in melanomas transplanted in severe combined immunodeficient mice, and these effects are potentiated by Zn²⁺supplementation^[4].

296.54

Solid

C₁₀H₂₀N₂S₄

97-77-8

双硫仑；二硫龙；二硫化四乙基秋兰姆

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

DMSO : 75 mg/mL(252.92 mM;Need ultrasonic)

请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。
储备液的保存方式和期限：-80℃, 6 months; -20℃, 1 month。-80℃ 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20℃ 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。

请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解方案。以下溶解方案都请先按照In Vitro方式配制澄清的储备液，再依次添加助溶剂：

——为保证实验结果的可靠性，澄清的储备液可以根据储存条件，适当保存；体内实验的工作液，建议您现用现配，当天使用； 以下溶剂前显示的百
分比是指该溶剂在您配制终溶液中的体积占比；如在配制过程中出现沉淀、析出现象，可以通过加热和/或超声的方式助溶

• 1.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： corn oil

  Solubility: 30 mg/mL (101.17 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
• 2.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 50%PEG300   50% saline

  Solubility: 10 mg/mL (33.72 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
• 3.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    40%PEG300   5%Tween-80   45% saline

  Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.01 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.01 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀；然后继续加入 450 μL生理盐水定容至 1 mL。

  将 0.9 g 氯化钠，完全溶解于 100 mL ddH2O 中，得到澄清透明的生理盐水溶液
• 4.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    90% (20%SBE-β-CDin saline)

  Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.01 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.01 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL20% 的 SBE-β-CD 生理盐水水溶液中，混合均匀。

  将 2 g 磺丁基醚 β-环糊精加入 5 mL 生理盐水中，再用生理盐水定容至 10 mL，完全溶解，澄清透明
• 5.

  请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO    90%corn oil

  Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.01 mM); Clear solution

  此方案可获得 ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.01 mM，饱和度未知) 的澄清溶液，此方案不适用于实验周期在半个月以上的实验。

  以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL玉米油中，混合均匀。