4-hydroxy Nonenal is a lipid peroxidation product derived from oxidized ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid.[1],[2] 4-hydroxy Nonenal is widely used as a marker of lipid peroxidation.[2] It exhibits various biological activities such as cytotoxicity, growth inhibiting activity, genotoxicity, and chemotactic activity.[1],[2],[3] 4-hydroxy Nonenal inhibits pro-oxidant-induced Ca2+ release from mitochondria at 10-50 μM.[2]

Reference:
[1]. Pryor, W.A., and Porter, N.A. Suggested mechanisms for the production of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal from the autoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids Free Radical Biology & Medicine 8, 541-543 (1990).
[2]. Esterbauer, H., Schaur, R.J., and Zoliner, H. Chemistry and biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal, malonaldehyde, and related aldehydes Free Radical Biology & Medicine 11, 81-128 (1991).
[3]. Sodum, R.S., and Chung, F.L. 1,N2-ethenodeoxyguanosine as a potential marker for DNA adduct formation by trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal Cancer Research 48, 320-323 (1988).